Service Overview
- System user:
etcd - 默认节点名称：自动生成
etcd-<timestamp> - Config file:
/etc/etcd/etcd.yml - Data directory:
/var/lib/etcd - Binaries:
/usr/local/bin/etcd,/usr/local/bin/etcdctl, and/usr/local/bin/etcdutl - Log level:
debug
Network & Ports
- Client traffic:
http://localhost:2379 - Peer traffic:
http://localhost:2380 - 默认仅允许本地访问（绑定到 localhost）
Systemd Management
systemctl status etcd # Check status
systemctl restart etcd # Start service
systemctl stop etcd # Stop service
systemctl restart etcd # Restart service
Basic Commands
# Check etcd server version
etcd --version
# Check etcdctl client version
etcdctl version
# Check etcdutl version
etcdutl version
# Set a key
etcdctl put mykey "HelloEtcd"
# Get a key
etcdctl get mykey
# List all keys with values
etcdctl get "" --prefix
# List only key names
etcdctl get "" --prefix --keys-only
# Delete a key
etcdctl del mykey
# Check cluster health
etcdctl endpoint health
# List cluster members
etcdctl --endpoints=http://127.0.0.1:2379 member list
# Show cluster leader
etcdctl endpoint status --write-out=table
# Watch a key for changes
etcdctl watch mykey
备份与恢复
备份快照（将当前 etcd 状态保存到文件）：
etcdctl snapshot save /root/etcd-backup.db
查看快照状态：
etcdutl snapshot status /root/etcd-backup.db -w table
停止 etcd 服务以避免冲突：
systemctl stop etcd
清空数据目录中的现有内容：
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/*
恢复快照：
etcdutl snapshot restore /root/etcd-backup.db --data-dir /var/lib/etcd
确认权限设置正确：
chown -R etcd:etcd /var/lib/etcd
重新启动 etcd 服务：
systemctl start etcd
Notes
- 默认为单节点集群，适合开发和测试使用。
- 日志级别配置为 debug。
- 在生产环境中，请为客户端和节点间通信启用 TLS。
- 建议搭建多节点集群以实现高可用。
- 使用防火墙规则，将端口 2379（客户端）和 2380（节点间通信）限制为可信主机访问。
- Modify
/etc/etcd/etcd.yml进行高级配置后，重启etcd服务以使更改生效。 - 执行破坏性操作（删除/还原/压缩）前，务必先备份数据。
- Ensure
/var/lib/etcdis owned byetcd:etcd；权限配置错误可能导致 etcd 在还原或数据变更后无法启动。
